Frazier & SonPMMI ADDS 22 MEMBERS, ELECTS DIRECTORS



November 16, 2011

The Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute (PMMI), Reston, Va., adds 22 members, elects three directors and retains the 2011 Executive Committee for 2012.

    “…with the addition of this spring’s class of 22 members, this might be one of the best overall years for membership I can remember,” says Charles D. Yuska, president and chief executive officer of PMMI.

New General Members include:
* Bizerba USA, Piscataway, N.J., a manufacturer of weigh/price labeling equipment, checkweighers, and software
* Bunting Magnetics Co., Newton, Kan., a manufacturer of conveyors and detection/separation machines
* Engineered Production Equipment, Omaha, Neb., a designer and builder of form-fill-seal machines, loading machines and converting equipment
* Frazier & Son, LP, Conroe, Texas, a manufacturer of conveying equipment
* Graham Engineering Corp., York, Pa., a manufacturer of extrusion blowmolding equipment
* JetAir Technologies, Ventura, Calif., a maker of blower systems for the packaging industry
* Langguth America Ltd., Waterloo, Ontario, a manufacturer of labelers
* Polychem Corp., Mentor, Ohio, a maker of strapping systems, palletizing/unitizing machines
* TMI – Tishma Innovations, LLC, Schaumburg, Ill., a designer and builder of custom- cartoning machinery and packaging
* Telesis Technologies, Inc., Circleville, Ohio, a manufacturer of marking systems
    New Supplier Members include:
* Bishop-Wisecarver Corp., Pittsburg, Calif., a specialist in guide wheels and guided-motion technologies
* Clippard Instrument Laboratory, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, a producer of miniature pneumatic devices, cylinders, valves, fittings and controls
* Lenze Americas, Uxbridge, Mass., a manufacturer of motion-control components
* Microscan Systems, Inc., Renton, Wash., a manufacturer of vision systems
* TURCK inc., Plymouth, Minn., a producer a noncontact proximity sensors, flow monitors and interface products
* U.S. Tsubaki Power Transmission, Wheeling, Ill., a supplier of power transmission products
* Uhlmann VisioTec GmbH, Towaco, NJ, a developer of inspection and marking systems for pharmaceutical manufacturing and packaging
New Materials Members include:
* cei (Coating Excellence International), Wrightstown, Wis., a supplier of flexible packaging materials
* Drytac, Richmond, Va., a manufacturer and distributor of mounting, laminating, finishing materials and equipment
* Glue Dots International, New Berlin, Wis., a provider of adhesive products and application equipment
* REA Elektronik, Inc., Walton Hills, Ohio, a manufacturer of inkjet and laser coding equipment
* Tape Printers Inc., Farmingdale, N.Y., a custom printer of carton-sealing tape, pressure-sensitive and water-activated products
    The PMMI membership has elected three directors to four-year terms:
* Jack Aguero (re-elected), vice president, Business Development & Marketing at Pro Mach, Inc., Loveland, Ohio. Aguero currently chairs the Business Intelligence Committee.
* Timm L. Johnson, vice president, Sales & Marketing, Spee-Dee Packaging Machinery, Inc., Sturtevant, Wis. Johnson currently serves as a member of the Education & Workforce Development Committee.
* John Kowal, market development manager, B&R Industrial Automation Corp., Roswell, Ga. Kowal, the first director from the Supplier Member category, currently serves on the Global Marketing and Trade Show Strategy Committees.
The PMMI Board of Directors re-elected the 2011 Executive Committee to serve through December 31, 2012: Chairman of the Board Nick Wilson of Morrison Container Handling Solutions, Glenwood, Ill.; Vice Chairman Richard P. Fox Jr. of Fox IV Technologies, Inc., Export, Pa.; Immediate Past Chairman Glenn R. Siegele of Omega Design Corp., Exton, Pa.; and PMMI President and Chief Executive Officer Charles D. Yuska. For more information, visit www.pmmi.org.


Frazier & Son - New Video Available on You Tube



August 8, 2011

A new video has been released from Frazier & Son, showcasing the WHIZ-LIFTER Bucket Elevator. A custom designed stoker belt is feeding sanded candies into a screening vibratory feeder. The product then continues to be conveyed into the bucket conveyor's bottom row of buckets. A top infeed chute was also incorporated into the design for a separate production line of jelly beans. This allows the customer to utilize the same conveyor and packaging equipment for both products. Other custom features include rigidized surfaces on the stoker, feeders, and in the buckets, as well as level sensing at the stoker belt, peripheral discharged cross feeder, lexan viewing panels at all infeed areas and more. 

Custom Conveyor by Frazier and Son

bucket elevator buckets

The video can be found at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZv7z2tNKB0.

Frazier & Son - New Packaging Line



August 2, 2011

A cereal plant in South Carolina added two packaging lines for their granola cereal in March 2011. They worked closely with a consultant firm, who specified the need for two bucket elevators in the overall scope of supplied equipment. Frazier & Son custom designed two WHIZ-LIFTER Model CBT Bucket Elevators to convey product to their new combination scales. The first elevator had two infeed points. Each infeed point is fed by a large bias-cut Eriez vibratory feeder and a custom desiged level sensing hopper. The second elevator had a single infeed point and a single discharge point.

Please visit www.frazierandson.com for more information about our bucket elevators and to read more case studies from our satisfied customers. We've been Conveying Quality for over 80 years. Let us show you how "We Convey Quality" during your next material handling project.

Bucket Elevator


Frazier & Son - Joins Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute (PMMI)



July 12, 2011

Frazier & Son has joined The Packaging Machinery Manufacturers Institute or PMMI. PMMI is the leading global resource for packaging. 

PMMI is a trade association with more than 500 member companies that manufacture packaging and packaging-related converting machinery, commercially-available packaging machinery components, containers and materials in the United States and Canada.

PMMI’s vision is to be the leading global resource for packaging, and its mission is to improve and promote members’ abilities to succeed in a global marketplace.

PMMI members package innovation for your business.  PMMI is your first stop when looking for a packaging solutions provider:

  • PMMI Member Directory: PMMI members are globally renowned for making the highest quality equipment, offering responsive service and committing to meeting their customers’ needs.  That is why one out of every four machines sold around the world is made by a PMMI member company.

  • PACK EXPO Tradeshows: PMMI is the sponsor and producer of the global PACK EXPO shows, the world's leading packaging shows.

To learn more about the PACK EXPO shows, visit www.packexpo.com.

Additional Resources

PMMI offers a variety of resources and events to educate, promote and advance the industry.

  • Packaging Machinery Technology Magazine 
    Packaging Machinery Technology (PMT) is the only publication dedicated exclusively to the packaging machinery industry.  PMT, a bimonthly publication, highlights the innovations taking place in the pa ckaging machinery industry.  An online version is available at www.pmtdirect.com.
  • Industry Events 
    PMMI hosts several events each year that put our members and customers together in a “non sales” environment for education and networking purposes.
  • The Conference at PACK EXPO is held every year in conjunction with the PACK EXPO shows.  Scheduled to run during each morning of the shows, the conference program offers several interest tracks taking place during concurrent sessions.

Frazier & Son - New Sales Representation in the Carolinas and Virginia: M.C. Schroeder Equipment 



July 6, 2011

Frazier & Son welcomes M.C. Schroeder Equipment Company to our sales representative network covering the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. M.C. Schroeder Equipment Company is a manufacturer's representative and stocking distributor of industrial equipment. They can assist you with all your needs for industrial processing, bulk handling/storage and environmental control equipment.

Typical products include:

Pneumatic/Vacuum Conveying Systems
Piping, Compression Coupling, Duct Components
Heat Exchangers
Liquid/Solids Filtration
Compressed Air Dryers
Vacuum Pumps
Weight Feed and Loss of Weight Feeders
Pneumatic + Electric Vibrators
Continuous Weighing and Level Control Systems

For more information about M.C. Schroeder and the manufacturers they represent, please visit their website at http://www.mcschroeder.com/ 


Frazier & Son - Quality Conveyors



May 19, 2011

With special attention to detail during the design and manufacturing of our bucket conveyors, we continually improve the safety and sanitation aspects of our products. We strive to provide the most sanitary and quality bucket conveyors on the market and our customers agree with us. That's why over 75% of our customers have made our conveyors the standard in their facilities. We would like to show you how We Convey Quality.

Our standard features include:

  • All bucket elevators are designed and manufactured to meet all customer's requirements including sanitation and safety.
  • Type 304 stainless steel frames with 2B Finish and smooth interior surfaces
  • Type 304 stainless steel tubular legs and drive frames
  • Framework and components are mounted on standoffs to reduce or eliminate film of water points
  • Product contact points, other than buckets, are all stainless steel
  • All welds in contact are ground smooth
  • Stainless steel shafts
  • Carbon steel sprockets
  • Premium carbon steel conveyor chain
  • Continuous TIG welds throughout
  • Smooth body TEFC-AC motor
  • Right Angle gear box provides reliable power transmission. Minimum surface factor is 1.5
  • Stainless Steel take-up units with spring loading for simple, accurate chain tensioning
  • Stainless steel non-adjustable cams and guides for maintenance free bucket tracking
  • Sanitary UHMW Chain Guides captivate the chain to provide excellent stability and wear resistance
  • Standard LEXAN® Buckets - durable, tough, and sanitary
  • All stainless steel hardware, no split lock washers are used and aircraft lock nuts are used throughout
  • All controls carry the CULUS label

Our optional features include:

  • A variety of Washdown/Corrosion Resistant configurations/designs are available to suit our customer's unique requirements
  • Motor construction options include TENV, Washdown Duty and Explosion Proof.
  • Motors are suited to meet customer power requirements such as 380V/50Hz or 575V/60Hz
  • Optional Bucket materials include polypropylene, metal-impregnated polypropylene, XYLEX®, XENOY® and stainless steel.
  • Dimpled buckets as well as textured sheet metal are available when product release issues exist
  • Tamping discharges available to aid in product release for frozen foods or sticky products
  • Indexing drives available for kit assemblies, food product assemblies, etc.
  • Custom controls are available to suit non-standard applications
  • Customized equipment to feed the elevators are available
  • Downstream devices, such as cross-feeders, are available


Frazier & Son - Now Offering Contract Manufacturing Services



May 12, 2011

Ideally located in Conroe, Texas, only 40 minutes North of Houston,  Frazier & Son can also be your source for contract manufacturing services. Frazier & Son has an extensive 50,000 square foot machine shop and experienced workforce to handle everything from small to very large projects. Frazier & Son offers the following contract manufacturing services:

Laser cutting up to 1/2" stainless steel, 3/8" aluminum.

Milling

Turning

Braking, bending, and forming

Shearing

Punching

Welding 

Cutting

Metal finishing

Assembly

Frazier & Son has the machinery to meet your expectations and provide quality results. Some of our equipment includes: Mitsubishi Laser Cutter ML3015LV Plus II, Hurco VMC 30 CNC Mill, Miyano CNC Lathes, Niagara Press Brakes (two 65 Ton and one 175 Ton), Niagara Shear, Strippit Punch Presses, MIG and TIG Welders, Klingelhofer Cold Saw, Horizontal and Vertical Band Saws, Manual Lathes, Manual Mill, Radial Drill Press, Surface Grinder, Empire Blasting Cabinet, Grinders and other metal finishing equipment, and various measuring tools. Contact Frazier & Son today at 800-365-5438.

Frazier & Son - Multiple Discharge Bucket Conveyors



May 10, 2011

Frazier & Son multiple discharge conveyors convey and elevate product to many locations, for example, feeding a number of combination scales, baggers, cross feeders, or the like. Multiple infeed points can be utilized in this design as well, creating a cost effective alternative to multiple conveying machines. The Model CBT, Model CB, CBT-U configurations can be used in the multiple discharge design.

Model CBT elevators are sized based on volumetric capacity and other product characteristics, such as particle size and cohesiveness. There are 5 sizes of elevators available ranging from 4" x 8" to 12" x 30". Horizontal travel distances and vertical height are determined by the customer and made to order. Optimal bucket fill is under 60% capacity. The Model CBT's bucket direction is opposite of a Model C and is ideal for conveying fragile products that require gentle handling due to the decreased height of the drop point at the discharge of the elevator. Another advantage to the CBT Configuration is that the buckets travel consistently level throughout the machine, with the exception of the discharge. The infeed is at the top of the bottom horizontal section. Washdown versions of the Model CBT are available. Model CBT's can be single or multiple discharge designs. There are a variety of ways to feed Model CBT elevators. For more information on feeding methods, please visit our Infeed Options page.

Model CB elevators are sized based on volumetric capacity and other product characteristics, such as particle size and cohesiveness. There are 5 sizes of elevators available ranging from 4" x 8" to 12" x 30". Horizontal travel distances and vertical height are determined by the customer and made to order. Optimal bucket fill is under 60% capacity. The Model CB has the same characteristics as the Model CBT, except the infeed is from the side instead of from the top. Model CB's can be single or multiple discharge designs. Washdown versions of the Model CB are available. There are a variety of ways to feed Model CB elevators. For more information on feeding methods, please visit our Infeed Options page.

Model CBT-U Elevators are sized based on volumetric capacity and other product characteristics, such as particle size and cohesiveness. There are 5 sizes of elevators available ranging from 4" x 8" to 12" x 30". Horizontal travel distances and vertical height are determined by the customer and are made to order. The Model CBT-U is unique as it is shaped similar to the letter "U". The Model CBT-U Elevator is available in singular and multiple discharge designs and is not limited to the amount of infeed areas that can be incorporated within its design. The CBT-U Elevator is ideal for products that require gentle handling due to the decreased height of the drop point at the discharge of the elevator. Another advantage to the CBT Configuration is that the buckets travel consistently level throughout the machine, with the exception of the discharge. There are a variety of ways to feed the Model CBT-U Elevators, with multiple infeed areas or just one. For more information on feeding methods, please visit our Infeed Options page.

Frazier & Son - Indexing Bucket Conveyors for Packaging Industry



April 28, 2011

Indexing bucket conveyors are unique in design and function. Indexing bucket conveyors are timed to accept a certain amount of product in each bucket, and then discharge product in a packaging machine. For example, accepting a set of game pieces that are to be packaged and included in each end user' board game (red piece, yellow piece, green piece, and blue piece, then one dice) and elevating them into a packaging machine, discharging the pieces every 1.5 seconds - which is based on the time needed by the feeding device and the packaging machine. Indexing bucket conveyors can also be utilized for food kit assemblies, such as the frozen dinner packages with a pouch of rice/pasta packaged within the same container as the pouch of sauces/vegetables. Model C configurations are used in the indexing design. High Speed and Washdown versions are available.

Frazier & Son - Conveying to More Than the Food Industry



April 20, 2011

Our bucket elevators and conveyors have a long history and reputation in the food Industry, but they have also been successfully installed and operating in a number of industrial applications. Industrial products include hardware, coins, tobacco products, catalyst, plastics, kit assemblies, ammunition, and more. Contact a Frazier & Son representative today to discuss your conveying requirements.


Frazier & Son - Exhibiting at the Gulf Coast Solids Handling and Processing Show



March 15, 2011

Frazier and Son is preparing to exhibit at the 12th Gulf Coast Solids Handling and Processing Show March 23-24, 2011 at the Pasadena Convention Center in Pasadena, CA. This show is the leading gulf coast event for products, equipment and services for the dry bulk material processing and handling industry. In addition to the extensive list of exhibitors, there will be technical seminars focusing processing interests - from dedusting to emission monitoring. We are looking forward to this years show and we hope to see you there!


Frazier & Son - Announces Global Spec Partnership



December 17, 2010

Frazier and Son has partnered with Global Spec to make it even easier for our customers to find more information about our products! Visit Global Spec's website at http://www.globalspec.com/ today!


Frazier & Son - Conveyor Comparison - What is Best for Your Process



December 17, 2010

When choosing a conveying method for your plant, safety and sanitation are important concerns. Another popular concern with processors is product degradation, or a product's decline to a lower condition, quality, or level. When the user has to gently convey and ELEVATE product, this poses another obstacle in finding the most effective conveyor. So how do you choose the right conveyor for your process?

Below, we will briefly discuss belt conveyors, vibratory feeders, screw conveyors, and bucket elevators.

Belt conveyors are sanitary, safe (when incorporating covers and safe guards) and can provide a very efficient method to convey products in a horizontal direction. Bed depths can vary, rates can vary, and these conveyors can be used to transport product from one side of your plant to another, which offers flexibility for the end user. Some belts can weigh product as they travel over stationary load cells - called weigh belts - which will provide you with a fairly accurate mass flow rate while still reliably conveying product. There's different types of belt material is available - rubbers, plastics, etc. Overall, belt conveyors are very useful in processing facilities. The disadvantage in using belt conveyors to elevate products, for example, loading a combination scale, a packaging machine or filling a storage bin, may take up too much real estate in your existing layout. Angles of the belt must be relatively low unless you plan to modify the belt with a pleated belt design. Even then, substantial room is occupied by the belt conveying system.

Vibratory feeders and conveyors are another effective means to conveying products horizontally - they are sanitary, easy to clean, and can be used to screen or sort material as it is being conveyed. Vibratory feeders are also used to regulate flow rates of products moving through the process and convey product in a gentle fashion. They are used widely in the food processing industry. Unfortunately, vibratory feeders are not an effective method for conveying product vertically or at an angle.

Screw conveyors are effective in conveying a variety of bulk materials in a horizontal or slight incline. Screw conveyors can incorporate a variable rate feeder to deliver a measured amount of product into a process. Shaftless screws can be used to convey certain products that may bind the traditional shaft of a screw conveyor, which makes them versatile in bulk material handling. Screw conveyors can be an effective method of elevating product in a process, but as the angle of inclination increases, capacity decreases. And as with inclined belt conveyors, inclined screw conveyors consume valuable real estate in a process facility. Screw conveyors are enclosed, so safety is not a high concern when using this method, but they are not easily accessible, making it difficult to sanitize by plant personnel. Screw conveyors are also not a gentle method of conveying fragile products and is not feasible for large particle finished products, especially in the food industry.

Known for its gentle handling of products, the WHIZ-LIFTER bucket conveyor is a great option for food processors, contract packaging outfits, and even chemical processors. The WHIZ-LIFTER Bucket Conveyor exceeds basic OSHA requirements, offering several options for covers and safety features, which include sensors on the covers that notifies personnel and prohibits the bucket conveyor to continue operating. Stainless steel hard guarded covers protect users from sprockets and the take up assembly. All covers and guards require a tool to gain access. The WHIZ-LIFTER is manufactured with sanitation in mind, offering all stainless steel frames as a standard. All product contact points, other than the buckets, are stainless steel. Framework and components are mounted on standoffs to reduce or eliminate film of water points. Sanitary UHMW chain guides captivate the chain to provide excellent stability and wear resistance – which also results in very gentle conveying of your product (no bucket tipping or swaying), reducing product degradation. The WHIZ-LIFTER is ideal for elevating product in physically constrained environments, requiring minimal horizontal travel and endless opportunity for vertical travel. Another advantage of the WHIZ-LIFTER Bucket Conveyor is that you can incorporate single or multiple discharges, and/or infeed areas. Each conveyor is customized to your particular process. If sanitation, safety, and product degradation are concerns you may have in choosing the correct method to convey your product, consider the WHIZ-LIFTER Bucket Conveyor. Please visit Frazier & Son's website for more information about this product and let us show you how We Convey Quality™.

Frazier & SonLoading Super Sacks using Bucket Elevator



December 13, 2010

A Houston, TX based contract services company was recently awarded a contract to load blended super sacks of catalyst and inert grain into a reactor. They received the material in two separate shipments - one catalyst and one inert grain - and needed to blend the two materials together into one 2,000 lb super sack. They would then discharge the newly blended super sacks into their customer's reactor.

The customer utilized flow meters to obtain the correct ratio and weight of material. After material was weighed, it was discharged into a Frazier & Son WHIZ-LIFTER which was designed to include two infeed areas (one infeed area for catalyst and one for the inert grain). The bucket elevator then conveyed and elevated the blend of each product to a new super sack.

The material had to be conveyed gently - as the inert grain and catalyst were very dusty when handled, so dust ports were incorporated in the design of the elevator at each infeed area and at the discharge of the machine.

Other considerations were made within the design of the machine to make it easier and more efficient for the contract services company to relocate the bucket conveyor to another job location, as it was a requirement to blend and load this product on the site of each of their customers.

The Frazier & Son bucket conveyor and elevator excelled in conveying this material at the required rate and capacity required for this project. Valuable space and height was minimized by utilizing the bucket conveyor design. High quality components as well as Frazier & Son's ability to customize their product ensured a successful installation and operation of the elevator.

Frazier & SonZ Shaped Bucket Conveyors and Elevators



December 11, 2010

Z-Shaped Bucket Conveyors can be an effective method for conveying products such as foods, chemicals, and hardware within your process or packaging projects. Offering versatility by providing single or multiple infeed areas and/or single or multiple discharge areas.


Z-Shaped Bucket Conveyors from Frazier & Son are manufactured keeping sanitation and safety in mind. Providing high quality components to ensure a long-life cycle has kept Frazier & Son's customers coming back time and time again. Please continue to our website for more information about our products and all of our configurations at www.frazierandson.com.



Frazier & SonProviding Sanitary Conveyors to the Food Industry



December 9, 2010

Frazier & Son offers sanitary bucket elevators for the food industry. As the industry requirements have changed over time, Frazier & Son's standards have become more focused on sanitation requirements to accommodate their large customer base in the food industry.

The standard elevator is constructed of 304 Stainless Steel and is supported by 304 stainless steel tubular legs and drive frames. Frazier & Son offers a variety of washdown/corrosion resistant designs. Motor construction options include TENV, Washdown Duty, and Explosion Proof. The machinery exceeds OSHA basic safety requirements by offering several different types of guarding options - including stainless steel hinged doors with quarter-turn latches. Catch pan style guarding at the bottom of the top horizontal are offered as well. Sanitary UHMW Chain Guides captivate the chain to provide excellent stability and wear resistance. Dimpled buckets as well as textured sheet metal buckets are available to assist products from releasing from the buckets effectively. Indexing drives are available for kit assemblies, food product assemblies, etc.

For more information on the standard offerings and optional features of the WHIZ-LIFTER Bucket Elevator, please visit their product overview page at http://www.frazierandson.com/products.html.


Frazier & SonProperly Feeding Bucket Elevators



December 7, 2010

In order for a bucket conveyor to perform to it's optimium capacity, focus on the infeed equipment is imperative. Frazier & Son offers recommendations in feeding their Whiz-Lifter Bucket Conveyor.

Storage Belt and Vibratory Feeder

In order to provide a consistent feed to the bucket elevator/conveyor, Model C Configurations can be fed with a storage belt and vibratory feeder. In some instances, the bucket elevator is constantly running. A level control device is utilized to determine if there is product within the bucket. If product is present, then the level indicator stops the feeder movement, until a bucket that requires product approaches the infeed area, in which the vibratory feeder is then turned on. This control schematic prevents unnecessary wear and tear on bucket elevator/conveyor and the vibratory feeder provides more precise control of product feed into the scales.

Hopper and Vibratory Feeder

In order to provide consistent feed to the bucket elevator/conveyor, a storage hopper and vibratory feeder can be used. This is an ideal arrangement if there is an upset downstream of the bucket elevator. A second accumulation hopper should be installed at the discharge of the bucket elevator to store product during an upset, such as foil wrapper change out. This accumulation hopper should have a level indicator which would stop the bucket elevator if the product level increased above a normal range.

Flow Meters and Weighbelts

Certain scales and weighbelts provide consistent and smooth flow of product to the bucket elevator/conveyor, although many do not have the capability to stop and start the flow entering the bucket elevator. Having the ability to measure the amount of product and obtain a flow rate as it is feeding into the bucket elevator can be important to some customers for particular applications, such as combining products into the bucket elevator at a certain ratio to achieve a final product requirement in their bulk bag or tote.

Belts and Vibratory Feeders

In some cases, it is only necessary to feed the bucket elevator with a belt conveyor or vibratory feeders. A belt conveyor and/or vibratory feeder provides a consistent flow of product to the bucket elevator, although the control of the conveyor is not as precise as a vibratory feeder.

Screeners

Some customers would like to screen their product once more before heading to a packaging line. In these cases, Frazier & Son Bucket Elevators and Conveyors have been fed by a screening device. Special consideration must be made to ensure a proper fit between the screening device and the bucket elevator as far as mating the two pieces of equipment. This is done in the preliminary stages of the quotation process, as with every quotation Frazier & Son supplies.

Combination Weighers and Linear Weighers

In many Indexing applications, a combination weigher or linear weigher is used in order to measure the amount of product entering each bucket. This ensures an accurate weight in each product sample, for a consistent and reliable result.